The associations between increasing degrees of homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance and muscular strengthening activities among euglycaemic US adults.

PURPOSE: To examine the associations between the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance and self-reported muscular strengthening activity in a nationally representative sample of euglycaemic US adults. METHODS: Sample included euglycaemic adults (⩾20 years of age (n = 2009)) from the 1999 to 2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance was categorized into quartiles and was the primary independent variable of interest. No reported muscular strengthening activity was the dependent variable. RESULTS: Following adjustment for covariates, those with homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance values in fourth (odds ratio: 2.04, 95% confidence interval: 1.35-3.06, p < 0.001) quartile were found to have significantly greater odds of reporting no muscular strengthening activity. Following further adjustment for non-muscular strengthening activity specific aerobic leisure-time physical activity, results remained significant for the fourth (odds ratio: 2.30, 95% confidence interval: 1.50-3.52, p < 0.001) quartile. A significant trend was seen across quartiles of homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance for increasing prevalence of no muscular strengthening activity (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Having a higher homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance value is associated with greater odds of reporting no muscular strengthening activity among euglycaemic US adults. This implies that subjects with an increasing degree of insulin resistance are more likely to not engage in muscular strengthening activity, an exercise modality that has been shown to reduce the risk of several cardiometabolic diseases and improve glycaemic status.

The changes in shoulder rotation strength ratio for various shoulder positions and speeds in the scapular plane between baseball players and non-players.

[Purpose] This study aimed to investigate the effect of shoulder positions and speeds on internal and external rotation torque of college baseball players and age-matched non-players. [Subjects] Twenty first-level collegiate baseball players and 19 college students were recruited. [Methods] A dynamometer system was used to evaluate the shoulder rotation strength in sitting postures. Three testing positions, namely shoulder abduction of 45°, 70°, and 90° in the scapular plane, were combined with three testing speeds at 60°/s, 120°/s, and 210°/s. [Results] The maximum external and internal rotation torques both occurred at shoulder abduction of 70°. However, only external rotation torque was affected by the speed, with the peak value observed at 60°/s. The internal rotation torque of baseball players was larger than that of the control group under all testing conditions, but the external rotation did not show any difference. The ratio of external to internal rotation torque changed with the testing positions and speeds in both groups. The ratio in the control group was greater than that in the player group. [Conclusion] The shoulder position could affect the rotational strength, and the baseball players could strengthen their external rotators for better performance and injury prevention.

Exercício aeróbio e fortalecimento muscular melhoram o desempenho funcional na doença de Parkinson / Aerobic exercise and muscular strengthening improve functional performance in Parkinson's disease

INTRODUÇÃO: Indivíduos com doença de Parkinson (DP) apresentam déficits motores na marcha, postura e equilíbrio e tendem a apresentar redução mais acentuada do nível de atividade física do que indivíduos assintomáticos da mesma idade. O declínio físico pode estar associado à perda de força muscular, da capacidade física e piora do desempenho funcional na DP. OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos de um programa de fortalecimento e condicionamento aeróbio no desempenho funcional e na capacidade física de indivíduos com DP. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Dezessete indivíduos, com média de idade de 60,35 ± 9,94 anos e estágios I a III da Hoehn e Yahr, participaram de um programa de exercícios três vezes por semana durante 12 semanas. Avaliou-se a força muscular por meio do dinamômetro manual, o desempenho funcional por meio da Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), avaliou-se também a velocidade da marcha e habilidade em usar escadas e a capacidade física por meio do perfil de atividade humana (PAH). Utilizou-se a estatística descritiva, testes t e ANOVA para medidas repetidas para a análise. RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO: Os dorsoflexores bilaterais foram o único grupo muscular a apresentar maior torque após a intervenção (F = 7,93; p = 0,008). Houve ganho nas medidas de desempenho funcional: velocidade da marcha (p = 0,028), velocidade para subir (p = 0,001) e descer (p = 0,002) escadas, no escore total da UPDRS (p = 0,007) e do PAH (p < 0,0001). CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS: O uso combinado de condicionamento aeróbio e fortalecimento muscular resultou em melhoras no desempenho funcional e na capacidade física de indivíduos com DP leve a moderada.

INTRODUCTION: Individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) show gait, posture, and balance deficits and, compared to asymptomatic individuals of similar ages, demonstrate more accentuated decreases in physical activity levels. These physical declines could be associated with losses of muscular strength, physical capacity, and functional performance. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of a combined program of muscular strengthening and aerobic conditioning on functional performance and physical capacity of individuals with PD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventeen PD volunteers, who had a mean age of 60.35 ± 9.94 years on the stages 1 to 3 on the Hoehn and Yahr scale, participated in the program conducted three times/week during 12 weeks. The following outcome measures were obtained before and after the program: muscular strength with the hand-held dynamometer, functional performance with the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), gait speed, ability to manage stairs, and physical capacity with the human activity profile (HAP). Descriptive statistics, t-tests, and repeated measure ANOVAS were employed for analyses. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The bilateral dorsal flexors were the only group which demonstrated significant increases in torque production after the intervention (F = 7.93; p = 0.008). However, significant gains were observed for all measures of functional performance: Gait speed (p = 0.028), stair ascent (p = 0.001), stair descent (p = 0.002), total UPDRS score (p = 0.007), and HAP score (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The combined program of muscular strengthening and aerobic conditioning resulted in improvements in measures of functional performance and physical activity levels in individuals with PD in the early and moderate stages of the disease.

Fisioterapia no tratamento da dor orofacial de pacientes com disfunção temporomandibular crônica / Physiotherapy as treatment of orofacial pain in patients with chronic temporomandibular dysfunction

Estudos recentes têm demonstrado resultados consistentes com o uso das terapias físicas nos casos de dor e limitação de movimentos em Disfunção Temporomandibular (DTM). Dessa forma, nosso objetivo foi avaliar o efeito de dez sessões de fisioterapia, exercícios e laserterapia no tratamento da dor muscular e da artralgia em uma mulher com DTM. O alívio médio dos sintomas dolorosos obtidos por sessão foi de 20 por cento, atingindo valor zero nas últimas semanas e mantendo-se estável por 60 dias após o término do tratamento. Os resultados demonstraram que o protocolo de tratamento utilizado foi efetivo no alívio da dor da região articular, assim como da tensão do músculo masseter, levando a paciente a reduzir a ingestão de medicamentos para controle da dor. Entretanto, estudos adicionais são necessários para se definir com maior precisão o efeito de outros programas de fisioterapia, assim como sua interação com as demais modalidades de tratamento(AU)

Estudios recientes han demostrado resultados consistentes con el uso de la terapia física en casos de dolor y limitación del movimiento por disfunción temporomandibular. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar el efecto de 10 sesiones de terapia física, ejercicio y terapia por láser en el tratamiento del dolor muscular y artralgias en una mujer con disfunción temporomandibular. El alivio de los síntomas dolorosos obtenido por sesión fue sobre un 20 por ciento al acercarse a 0 en las últimas semanas y se mantuvo estable después de 60 días de finalizar el tratamiento. Los resultados mostraron que el protocolo de tratamiento utilizado fue eficaz para reducir el dolor de la articulación temporomandibular y la tensión del músculo masetero, a su vez le permitió al paciente reducir el uso de medicamentos. Sin embargo, son necesarios más estudios para definir con mayor precisión el efecto de otros programas de fisioterapia y su interacción con otras modalidades de tratamiento(AU)

Recent studies have shown consistent results using the physical therapy in cases of pain and limitation of movement from temporomandibular dysfunction. Thus, our objective was to assess the effect of ten sessions of physical therapy and laser therapy in treatment of muscular pain and arthralgias in a woman with temporomandibular dysfunction. The painful symptoms relief achieved by session was over 20 percent, up to zero at the end of treatment. Results demonstrated that the treatment protocol used was effective to reduce the temporomandibular joint and the masseter muscle tension and a decreased of drugs by patient. However, more studies are needed to define with more accuracy the effect of other physiotherapy programs and its interaction with other treatment modalities(AU)